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Wrinkles
Wrinkles are a natural part of the aging process. As a person ages the epidermal cells lose volume and adhesivity and their number decreases by 10% per decade. The skin becomes thinner, dry and less able to repair itself quickly. In the dermal layer (stratum beneath the epidermis), decreases the synthesis of collagen and elastin. The production of sebum also diminishes. The skin loses its elasticity, becomes redundant and wrinkles appear. Excessive exposure to sun and smoking accelerate skin ageing and may add specific lesion like actinic keratoses and elastosis.
Most of those damages begin to appear during the third or forth decade and affect certain regions of the face producing a deepening of glabellar folds (area between brows), the wrinkling of the skin around the eyes, and deepening of nasolabial folds. Against this early forms of face ageing there are several forms of treatment.
Botulinum toxin (botox, dysport) work against the dynamic element of wrinkles by selective, reversible denervation of expression muscle. After subcutaneous injection, it takes 9-10 days before the effect is visible and it last 4-6 months. It is most often used in forehead region and laterally around the orbit.
Hyaluronic acid is used to directly fill the wrinkles between the brows and for nasolabial folds. The effect stays 6-9 months.
Medium deep chemical peel stimulates the synthesis of collagen and effaces fine wrinkles and some effects of smoking and excessive sun exposure.
Dermabrasion can work well on some wrinkles like those in the upper lip.
Face lifting and deep peels deal with deep wrinkles and facial skin redundancy that appear later on in the process of face ageing.
